To ensure proper operating conditions, the various parts of the railway network are maintained throughout their lifecycle. Maintenance is conducted on superstructures (rails, sleepers, turnouts and ballast), substructures, level crossings, bridges, traffic control and safety equipment, electrification and power current equipment, and land areas.

The required maintenance measures are specified through inspections and track condition monitoring. These measures are performed in order to maintain the original condition of the railway network. They include random switches of sleepers, replacement of worn track and turnover components, as well as renewing parts of systems, such as the safety equipment.

Inspections and maintenance services related to the operating condition of the railway network require expertise and special equipment and materials. The Finnish Transport Agency procures maintenance services through competitive tendering.